The Pashto English Dictionary. It is authorized, updated by Pashto language specialist with most updated words. The project is funded by a University of Arizona Libraries grant. Transliterate words from Pashto to English or English to Pashto. The Pashto Language:. Spoken by approximately sixty million speakers in the world, Pashto is a language with a pretty old history. The time of its origin is often the topic of debate among language historians but there is no doubt about the fact that it originated from an ancient tongue. Today, it is recognized in the constitutions of …Tips for Pronunciation. Pronunciation plays a crucial role in learning any language. Here are some tips to help you pronounce the Pashto greetings correctly: 1. Khpalay yey? Pronounced: kh-puh-lay yay. Make sure to emphasize the “kh” sound from the back of your throat and elongate the “ay” sound at the end slightly. 2.Free English lessons for Pashto speakers Learn basic English — or help someone learn! These free lessons grew out of an English tutor’s frustration at only being able to help one immigrant family at a time, when basic English skills could help so many — particularly the suddenly-isolated wives and family members of English-speaking visa […]Language Skills: Excellent communication skills with the ability to read, write, and speak in English and Dari and Pashto languages. Clearance: Standard LCSNW criminal clearance, including national sex offender. Motor vehicle records, valid driver's license and auto insurance are required.Google-এর পরিষেবা ইংরেজি থেকে অন্যান্য ১০০টির বেশি ভাষায় শব্দ, বাক্যাংশ ও ওয়েব পৃষ্ঠা ঝটপট অনুবাদ করে, কোনও চার্জ ছাড়াই।Radio. Game. Pashto belongs to the Indo-European family, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranic group. Western Pashto is the official language of Afghanistan, spoken by over 8 million people who are called "Pahtoon" in the north and "Pashtoon" in the south. Since the early 1930's the Afghan government has been making considerable efforts to ...Pashto is the native language of the Pashtun people (Islamic people originating from Afghanistan and Pakistan) and is part of the Eastern Iranian family of languages. Pashto is one of two official languages spoken in Afghanistan; the second is Dari. 35 percent of Afghanistan’s population speaks Pashto. Pashtun people in western and ...Intermediate Pashto introduce students to the spoken and written language; the Pashto Reader provides extensive exposure to authentic Pashto written materials. Pashto Conversation is a set of taped lessons, correlating with the units of Beginning and Intermediate Pashto. The Pashto-English Glossary for the CAL Pashto Materials is athePashto.com is a non-profit project of Pukhtoogle started in 2012 to promote Pashto Language on internet. Pashto Dictionary improved a lot in terms of feature time by time with feedback from users and experts. The last version of dictionary was launched in January 2020 with veritiy of advance feature to ease the use of dictionary.Translate.com. Language Pairs. English-Pashto. English to Pashto Translator. Translate files. from $0.07/word. Pashto. 0 characters. 700 characters left today. Translate from … Pashto is a member of the southeastern Iranian branch of Indo-Iranian languages spoken in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran. There are three main varieties of Pashto: Northern Pashto, spoken mainly in Pakistan; Southern Pashto, spoken mainly in Afghanistan; and Central Pashto, spoken mainly in Pakistan. Intermediate Pashto introduce studeni.s to the spoken and written language; the Pashto Reader provides extensive exposure to authentic Pashto written materials. Pashto Conversation is a set of taped lessons, correlating with the units of Beginning end Intermediate Pashto . The Pashto-English Glossary for the CAL Pashto Platerials is aSelect the English as source language for translation. Select the Pashto as target translation language. Enter the English words, phrases, scentenses or pargraph that …The spoken language of educated native speakers, as well as the contemporary literary language as reflected in the media, will be emphasized throughout. Class Objectives This course will familiarize students with the alphabet and sound system of Pashto, and provide a systematic presentation of its basic structure and ordinary use by stressing ...Table Of Contents. About the Pashto Language. How to Learn Pashto: Hacking the Language for English Speakers. Is Pashto Hard to Learn? What's the …languages, that is also the case with English ’s contact with Urdu and Pashto. Research Methodology This paper is the product of a qualitative study that arose out of a systematic study of the ...Modern Pashto has many foreign loanwords, borrowed from such disparate sources as medieval Persian conquerors and modern English-language media. Pashto Language Characteristics: Pashto is divided into many smaller dialects, the two main groupings being known as “Pashto” (the gentler southern dialect) and “Pakhto” (the …There are three main varieties of Pashto: Northern Pashto, spoken mainly in Pakistan; Southern Pashto, spoken mainly in Afghanistan; and Central Pashto, spoken mainly in Pakistan. The exact number of Pashto speakers is not known for sure, but most estimates range from 45 million to 55 million. Pashto is the first language of between 40% and … Meet our Expert Team. Explore our comprehensive Pashto language courses tailored for beginners, intermediate learners, and advanced speakers. Join Pashto-Land for an immersive online learning experience with native-speaking teachers, interactive lessons, and cultural immersion. Start your Pashto learning journey today! English and Pashto, particularly in the categories of nouns and adjectives. The study also aims to examine the possible influence of ancient languages, such as Greek, on the diminutiveAbstract. The present study is concerned with the investigation of the language attitude of Pashto speakers towards English. The study aims to look into issues of language interplay of Pashto ...in this playlist exists only 4000 Essential words lectures.Intermediate Pashto introduce studeni.s to the spoken and written language; the Pashto Reader provides extensive exposure to authentic Pashto written materials. Pashto Conversation is a set of taped lessons, correlating with the units of Beginning end Intermediate Pashto . The Pashto-English Glossary for the CAL Pashto Platerials is aThe study indicates that education is the key factor that influences English codeswitching and it also shows that Pashto is the dominant language of communication and is used as a symbol of ...Learn English Language from Pashto || English Speaking Practice in Pashto || EnglishPashto k tamam NOTES hasil karne kiliye abhi visit kijiye https://pashtob...Free English lessons for Pashto speakers Learn basic English — or help someone learn! These free lessons grew out of an English tutor’s frustration at only being able to help one immigrant family at a time, when basic English skills could help so many — particularly the suddenly-isolated wives and family members of English-speaking visa […]Pashto is the main language among the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is estimated to be 45–60 million people worldwide (estimated: 2016). Pashto has two main dialect groups, “soft” and “hard”, the latter known as Pakhto. ... English - Origins of the Pashto Language and Phases of its Literary ... Buddy Box Language Flashcards from Mark Hill. Armed Forces Veteran Mark Hill has very kindly shared the ESL flashcards that he made for Syrian children attending his local school. Download the flashcards: PDF files for Pashto to English or Dari to English. Powerpoint files for Pashto to English or Dari to English; Voice of America in Pashto ... Nov 19, 2021 · Basic English Conversion In Pashto | Questions & Answers | Learn Basic English Sentences In Pashtobasic english conversation in pashto language with meaning ... Mar 7, 2024 · Pashto incorporates two grammatical genders: masculine and feminine. Like English, it has both singular and plural forms of words. Nouns and adjectives in Pashto use declension, or form changes, to signify gender, number, and case. These changes are made so that words “agree” with one another in gender and number. Pashto to English Translation Service can translate from Pashto to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Pashto into over 160 other languages. Free Online Pashto to English Online Translation Service. The Pashto to English translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages. Approximately 40 million people speak Pashto as a native language with the majority of Pashto speakers live in Afghanistan (estimated 12 million) and Pakistan (about 27 million). Pashto is one of two official languages of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. It has multiple dialects, the main being the Western dialect, also known asCategory: Geography & Travel. Pashto also spelled: Pashtu. Also called: Pakhtu. Related Topics: Iranian languages. Pashto language, member of the Iranian …Pashto/Pushto/Pukhto is a group of varieties used by as many as 30 million people in Afghanistan and Pakistan, yet a grammar describing these varieties collectively has not been published. The CASL Pashto grammar originates from extensive use of both primary and secondary materials. It attends to features of both spoken and written forms …Here you can find the translation of the 50 most important words and expressions into Pashto. If you are about to travel to Pakistan and Afghanistan, this is exactly what you are looking for! We will teach you: How to say Hello! and Goodbye in Pashto! To say please and thank you in Pashto!Pashto Learning Book for My Dear Friends - Free ebook download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. د هغه چا لپاره چې د پښتو ژبی سره لیوالتیا لري For those who are willing to learn Pushtu languageThe Pashto Language:. Spoken by approximately sixty million speakers in the world, Pashto is a language with a pretty old history. The time of its origin is often the topic of debate among language historians but there is no doubt about the fact that it originated from an ancient tongue. Today, it is recognized in the constitutions of … The Pashto alphabet ( Pashto: پښتو الفبې, romanized: Pəx̌tó alfbâye) is the right-to-left abjad -based alphabet developed from the Arabic script, used for the Pashto language in Pakistan and Afghanistan. It originated in the 16th century through the works of Pir Roshan . Type or paste text in a source language field and select Pashto as the target language. Use our website for free and instant translation between 5,900+ language pairs. If you need fast and accurate human translation into Pashto, order professional translation starting at $0.07. Dual language books in Pashto (or DLBs for short, as they are sometimes known) are books in which the whole book is written in two languages throughout, in as close a translation as possible. In many cases, the content of the dual language book or story is written in one language on one side of the open book, and the Pashto … The increasing number of Pashto-English hybrid forms is a threat to language. However, Pashto-English convergence seems to be the most likely possibility of the mixing rather than a shift to English. A new variety of Pashto may emerge, which will be richer in vocabulary, highly adaptable and having the least proficiency issues for the speakers. Pashto, also known as Pakhto, Pashtu, and Pushto, is a member of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It spoken in Afghanistan, Pakistan, …Manipulation and Language in the English and Pashto versions of novel Animal Farm. Scholar Pakistan. George Orwell"s Animal Farm is an allegorical novella translated into Pashto by Rasul Amin during the Afghan War (1979-89). The novel"s motifs and symbols correspond to the contemporary political situation and thus have artistic and political ...The English language is limited in terms of inflections in morphology in the noun classes, and similarly, its usage is also largely restricted compared to the Pashto language. Radio. Game. Pashto belongs to the Indo-European family, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranic group. Western Pashto is the official language of Afghanistan, spoken by over 8 million people who are called "Pahtoon" in the north and "Pashtoon" in the south. Since the early 1930's the Afghan government has been making considerable efforts to ... English and Pashto, particularly in the categories of nouns and adjectives. The study also aims to examine the possible influence of ancient languages, such as Greek, on the diminutive Translate between up to 133 languages. Feature support varies by language: • Text: Translate between languages by typing. • Offline: Translate with no internet connection. • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just pointing your camera. • Photos: Translate text in taken or imported photos.thePashto.com is a non-profit project of Pukhtoogle started in 2012 to promote Pashto Language on internet. Pashto Dictionary improved a lot in terms of feature time by time with feedback from users and experts. The last version of dictionary was launched in January 2020 with veritiy of advance feature to ease the use of dictionary.Online Translation. Pashto to English Translation Service can translate from Pashto to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Pashto into over 160 other …thePashto.com is a non-profit project of Pukhtoogle started in 2012 to promote Pashto Language on internet. Pashto Dictionary improved a lot in terms of feature time by time with feedback from users and experts. The last version of dictionary was launched in January 2020 with veritiy of advance feature to ease the use of dictionary.It is suggested that English language learners with Pashto background should be properly trained to acquire correct English pronunciation. View full-text. Article. Full-text available. Basque is the third language isolate on this list. It’s spoken in part of Spain and while it has borrowed a lot of vocabulary from Spanish, it still proves a challenge to learn. Even with only about 750,000 native speakers, there are about five distinct dialects of Basque, making this already tough to learn language even tougher. English Language Tenses in to Pashto Language - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. English Language Tenses in to Pashto Language د انګلیسی ژبه دولس زمانه د پښتو ترجمه سره The increasing number of Pashto-English hybrid forms is a threat to language. However, Pashto-English convergence seems to be the most likely possibility of the mixing rather than a shift to English. A new variety of Pashto may emerge, which will be richer in vocabulary, highly adaptable and having the least proficiency issues for the speakers. The Pashto Language:. Spoken by approximately sixty million speakers in the world, Pashto is a language with a pretty old history. The time of its origin is often the topic of debate among language historians but there is no doubt about the fact that it originated from an ancient tongue. Today, it is recognized in the constitutions of …English and Pashto, particularly in the categories of nouns and adjectives. The study also aims to examine the possible influence of ancient languages, such as Greek, on the diminutiveSuggested learning time: merely a brief 17 minutes daily . At any time – any place – on any device. With the award-winning long-term memory learning method, you'll always remember Pashto. Utilizing the innovative superlearning technology, you will achieve 32% faster learning and heightened receptiveness. Pashto to English Translation Service can translate from Pashto to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Pashto into over 160 other languages. Free Online Pashto to English Online Translation Service. The Pashto to English translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages. The Pashto alphabet used to write all varieties of the languages today has 44 letters. It uses all 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet, and shares 3 letters with Persian and Urdu. Since Pashto has more vowels than Arabic and Persian, it has more letters representing vowel sounds than contained in the Perso-Arabic script. Pashto Language: Overview. The Pashto language, also called Pashtu, Pashtun, or Pakhtu, is a language spoken primarily in Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. It is part of the Iranian branch of the ...Pashto is an S-O-V language with split ergativity. Adjectives come before nouns.Nouns and adjectives are inflected for gender (masc./fem.), number (sing./plur.), and case (direct, oblique, ablative and vocative). The verb system is very intricate with the following tenses: Present; simple past; past progressive; present perfect; and past perfect. In any of the …The agency is a major source of news for all media in Afghanistan, gathering domestic and international news and providing information to outlets. The newspaper is published in the Dari, English, and Pashto languages and …Free English lessons for Pashto speakers Learn basic English — or help someone learn! These free lessons grew out of an English tutor’s frustration at only being able to help one immigrant family at a time, when basic English skills could help so many — particularly the suddenly-isolated wives and family members of English-speaking visa […]Basque is the third language isolate on this list. It’s spoken in part of Spain and while it has borrowed a lot of vocabulary from Spanish, it still proves a challenge to learn. Even with only about 750,000 native speakers, there are about five distinct dialects of Basque, making this already tough to learn language even tougher.English Language Tenses in to Pashto Language - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. English Language Tenses in to Pashto Language د انګلیسی ژبه دولس زمانه د پښتو ترجمه سرهPashto is the second official language of Afghanistan, also spoken by a large community of speakers in Pakistan’s Khyber Pukhtonkhwa province. English to Pashto translation is tricky because terminology differences between the languages makes direct translation and context delivery somewhat difficult. Afghan Translation Service employs professional …Step 1: Install the language accessory pack. Select the version of Microsoft 365 you're using from the tabs below, then select the language desired from the drop-down list. Then choose the appropriate architecture (32-bit or 64-bit) from the download links provided.Intermediate Pashto introduce studeni.s to the spoken and written language; the Pashto Reader provides extensive exposure to authentic Pashto written materials. Pashto Conversation is a set of taped lessons, correlating with the units of Beginning end Intermediate Pashto . The Pashto-English Glossary for the CAL Pashto Platerials is aPashto is an important language in Pakistan and Afghanistan. It has a rich history and is spoken by millions of people around the world. Despite declining popularity, Pashto remains integral to Pakistani and Afghan culture. The Pashto Language is some 2500 years old, but its origin is unclear. Buddy Box Language Flashcards from Mark Hill. Armed Forces Veteran Mark Hill has very kindly shared the ESL flashcards that he made for Syrian children attending his local school. Download the flashcards: PDF files for Pashto to English or Dari to English. Powerpoint files for Pashto to English or Dari to English; Voice of America in Pashto ... in this playlist exists only 4000 Essential words lectures.Contents. 1 Introduction. 2 Greetings in Central Pashto. 2.1 Salaam (سلام) - Hello. 2.2 Tashakor (تشکر) - Thank you. 2.3 Pa khair raghle (په خير راغلې) - Good morning. 2.4 Pa khair sham raghle (په خير شام راغلې) - Good evening. 2.5 Khudai pa aman (خدای په امن) - Goodbye. 2.6 Kala (کښې) - Bye.Short sentences for daily use in pashto language:In this videos you learn some important short English sentences in pashto with a correct pronunciation try t... The Pashto English Dictionary. It is authorized, updated by Pashto language specialist with most updated words. The project is funded by a University of Arizona Libraries grant. Transliterate words from Pashto to English or English to Pashto. السلام علیکم ۔۔۔۔ده انګلش خکلې قیصې سره انګلش زده کړﺉغواړﺉ چې د انګلش زیات وربونه verbs زده کړﺉ https://youtu.be ...Select Start > Settings > Time & language > Language & region. Choose a language from the Add a language list under Preferred languages, and then select Options. Select Download from the Download language pack option. After the language pack is installed, select Back. Choose a language from the Windows display language menu. Get steps …Pashto, Pashtu, Paktho, or Pakhtu is an Eastern Iranian language. Eastern Iranian languages are a sub-family of the Indo-European language group which includes a boatload of other languages such as Latvian, Lithuanian, Albanian, Polish and so many more. Pashto is the primary language of Afghanistan and a secondary language in …While learning English language, Pashto as L1 and Urdu as L2 seem to play a crucial role in their overall language learning. Past research in the field of language acquisition reveals twofold impact of prior knowledge on the learning of new languages. The knowledge of background languages which equips the learners with an array of linguistic ...Includes remarks on origins of the language; Pashto-English Dictionary; Pashto-English Dictionary; Grammar. iLanguage.org Overview of important grammar rules; Pashto: A Reference Grammar (PDF) Center for Applied Linguistics survey of use and grammar of Pashto language; Vocabulary.Radio. Game. Pashto belongs to the Indo-European family, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranic group. Western Pashto is the official language of Afghanistan, spoken by over 8 million people who are called "Pahtoon" in the north and "Pashtoon" in the south. Since the early 1930's the Afghan government has been making considerable efforts to ...languages, that is also the case with English ’s contact with Urdu and Pashto. Research Methodology This paper is the product of a qualitative study that arose out of a systematic study of the ...English speakers find Pashto hard for reasons similar to why they find Arabic hard. First, the Pashto alphabet is related to the Arabic alphabet. Maybe more significantly, Pashto is a highly inflected language, so learning Pashto means becoming immersed in a world of complex grammatical peculiarities. For instance, which nouns …Translate between up to 133 languages. Feature support varies by language: • Text: Translate between languages by typing. • Offline: Translate with no internet connection. • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just pointing your camera. • Photos: Translate text in taken or imported photos.Pashto, also known as Pakhto, Pashtu, and Pushto, is a member of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It spoken in Afghanistan, Pakistan, …The agency is a major source of news for all media in Afghanistan, gathering domestic and international news and providing information to outlets. The newspaper is published in the Dari, English, and Pashto languages and …Google-এর পরিষেবা ইংরেজি থেকে অন্যান্য ১০০টির বেশি ভাষায় শব্দ, বাক্যাংশ ও ওয়েব পৃষ্ঠা ঝটপট অনুবাদ করে, কোনও চার্জ ছাড়াই।The main limitation of this study is the universal principle of language variation over the course of time, which makes the previous studies and versions inapplicable to the current status of languages under focus. Thus, this study only deals with the present form of English and Pashto languages rather than old English or the ancient form of ...Pashto is an important language in Pakistan and Afghanistan. It has a rich history and is spoken by millions of people around the world. Despite declining popularity, Pashto remains integral to Pakistani and Afghan culture. The Pashto Language is some 2500 years old, but its origin is unclear.Welcome to English to Pashto Translator (Dictionary). More than 48,000+ offline English words. This mobile dictionary app designed to help Pashto speakers to learn and improve their English language skills. Easy to use this application and its fully translate english to Pashto language. It's working with dictionary English to Pashto …While learning English language, Pashto as L1 and Urdu as L2 seem to play a crucial role in their overall language learning. Past research in the field of language acquisition reveals twofold impact of prior knowledge on the learning of new languages. The knowledge of background languages which equips the learners with an array of linguistic ... Below is a list of the Cardinal Numbers and Ordinal Numbers in Pashto. Memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important words to your Pashto vocabulary. English Numbers. Pashto Numbers. Ordinal Numbers. asem meshetq zeyat shemer - اسم مشتق زيات شمېر. first. lewmṛa - لومړی. second.
The Pashto Language:. Spoken by approximately sixty million speakers in the world, Pashto is a language with a pretty old history. The time of its origin is often the topic of debate among language historians but there is no doubt about the fact that it originated from an ancient tongue. Today, it is recognized in the constitutions of …. Matetrader5
Intermediate Pashto introduce students to the spoken and written language; the Pashto Reader provides extensive exposure to authentic Pashto written materials. Pashto Conversation is a set of taped lessons, correlating with the units of Beginning and Intermediate Pashto. The Pashto-English Glossary for the CAL Pashto Materials is aستاسو د پاره يو نوي خکلي او ډيره اهم دَ انګلش ويډيو د انګلش 4000 الفاظ په پښتو کښى زده کړي._____ #4000Essentialenglishwords...Pohyar Dictionary is a multilingual dictionary featuring Pashto, Dari, Arabic, and English. With more then 400K words in legal, medical, literature, technology, and sports categories, it allows users to search and translate between English and Pashto or Dari, as well as between Pashto, Dari or Arabic. North Eastern Pashto, also called Eastern Pashto, is the prestige variety of Pashto, known as Yusufzai Dialect, it is spoken in central, northern, and eastern parts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and in northeastern Afghanistan. North Western Pashto is spoken, in eastern and northeastern Afghanistan, in the central Ghilji or ... Language Skills: Excellent communication skills with the ability to read, write, and speak in English and Dari and Pashto languages. Clearance: Standard LCSNW criminal clearance, including national sex offender. Motor vehicle records, valid driver's license and auto insurance are required.Pashto language. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Pashto language. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Here are the possible solutions for "Pashto language" clue. It was last seen in The Independent quick crossword. We have 1 possible answer in our database.4 Ways to learn Pashto. The online Pashto course is designed for beginners who want to learn Pashto from scratch, as well as for those who have some previous knowledge of the language and want to improve their skills. We offer a variety of learning options, including online classes, self-paced learning modules, and audio-based …Pashto, Urdu and English language, though fall under the same language family, however, there . are certain typological differences in their syntactic properties. A detailed comparison in Table 1 . The Pashto English Dictionary. It is authorized, updated by Pashto language specialist with most updated words. The project is funded by a University of Arizona Libraries grant. Transliterate words from Pashto to English or English to Pashto. According to the Pakistani government: The national language of Pakistan is Urdu, while English is the official language of the country, widely spoken and understood. Besides Urdu, there are six major and over fifty regional languages. The major regional languages are Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, Saraiki and Hindko. English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. English has developed over the centuries, absorbing influences from other languages, including Latin, French, and Norse, and has become one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with an estimated 1.5 billion speakers. Abstract. George Orwell"s Animal Farm is an allegorical novella translated into Pashto by Rasul Amin during the Afghan War (1979-89). The novel"s motifs and symbols correspond to the contemporary ...Tips for Pronunciation. Pronunciation plays a crucial role in learning any language. Here are some tips to help you pronounce the Pashto greetings correctly: 1. Khpalay yey? Pronounced: kh-puh-lay yay. Make sure to emphasize the “kh” sound from the back of your throat and elongate the “ay” sound at the end slightly. 2.Table Of Contents. About the Pashto Language. How to Learn Pashto: Hacking the Language for English Speakers. Is Pashto Hard to Learn? What's the …Intermediate Pashto introduce students to the spoken and written language; the Pashto Reader provides extensive exposure to authentic Pashto written materials. Pashto Conversation is a set of taped lessons, correlating with the units of Beginning and Intermediate Pashto. The Pashto-English Glossary for the CAL Pashto Materials is aESL for Pashto speakers - free course سروک ناګیار –ESL هراپل وبژ ونتښپ د Da PashtanoZhaboLapara ESL – Rayagan Course With contributions from: Elaine L., Oakland, CA—volunteer concept, text, and English recording Zora T., University of California, Berkeley—initial Pashto transliteration and recording MalalaiMuska, translator, ….